Pantothenic acid is the water-soluble vitamin known as B5. It plays a crucial role in energy metabolism by assisting in the synthesis of coenzyme A (CoA), which is vital for the oxidation of fatty acids and the metabolism of carbohydrates and proteins. Additionally, pantothenic acid is involved in the biosynthesis of steroid hormones, neurotransmitters, and hemoglobin. By supporting these biochemical pathways, it contributes to the overall functioning of various bodily systems, making it essential for maintaining health.
The other options are different water-soluble vitamins: niacin, also known as B3, is important for energy production and DNA repair; riboflavin, or B2, is necessary for energy production and the metabolism of fats and drugs; and thiamine, or B1, is crucial for glucose metabolism and the proper functioning of the nervous system. Each vitamin has unique functions and benefits, but pantothenic acid is specifically identified as B5, distinguishing it in this context.