Which condition is associated with fetal exposure to alcohol?

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is a condition that arises from the exposure of a developing fetus to alcohol during pregnancy. It is characterized by a range of physical, behavioral, and learning disabilities that can have lifelong implications for the child. When a pregnant individual consumes alcohol, it can cross the placental barrier, leading to detrimental effects on fetal development. The severity of FAS is influenced by factors such as the amount and timing of alcohol consumption, making it a critical public health concern.

The other options—diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and hypertension—are not directly caused by fetal exposure to alcohol. While maternal health conditions can influence fetal development and outcomes, they do not stem from the specific teratogenic effects of alcohol in the same way that FAS does. Thus, the association of FAS with fetal alcohol exposure highlights the importance of avoiding alcohol during pregnancy to prevent this and other alcohol-related birth defects.