What does kwashiorkor result from?

Kwashiorkor is a form of severe protein malnutrition that typically occurs in children who have an inadequate intake of dietary protein, despite usually having a sufficient caloric intake. It is characterized by symptoms such as edema (swelling due to fluid retention), an enlarged liver, skin changes, and hair loss. The condition often arises in situations where there is a stark imbalance between the levels of proteins consumed and the body's needs, particularly in populations with a limited access to nutritious foods rich in protein. Thus, the correct answer reflects the direct link between kwashiorkor and insufficient protein in the diet.

Other options, while related to nutrition, do not directly cause kwashiorkor. Excess carbohydrate intake does not lead to this condition but may contribute to other health issues. Vitamin deficiencies can cause various other health problems, but they are not the primary culprit in kwashiorkor. High sugar intake can lead to obesity and related complications, but it is not specifically responsible for the malnutrition seen in kwashiorkor.